Islamic State and Leadership
The thoughts in Islam –as long as Islamic civilization- were so many. Beside caused by Islamic expansion, it also caused by be longer time distance between thinker and the prophet, Muhammad. We need something new to fight with zaman-time, now. An Islamic thinker is al-Mawardi. And this article will discuss about him.
The thoughts in Islam –as long as Islamic civilization- were so many. Beside caused by Islamic expansion, it also caused by be longer time distance between thinker and the prophet, Muhammad. We need something new to fight with zaman-time, now. An Islamic thinker is al-Mawardi. And this article will discuss about him.
BIOGRAPHY
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After completing his studies in Basra and in Bagdad, he became a teacher.
The renown which he acquired, owing to the extent and the variety of his
knowledge, drew to him the attention on the authorities. He was appointed kadhi
and fulfilled the responsibilities of this post in various towns, in particular
at Ustuwa, near Nishapur, before being entrusted with the role in Baghdad
itself. In 429/1038, he was awarded the honorific surname (laqab) of akda’l-kudhat
or supreme kadhi in spite of the opinions of eminent jurist, including
al-Tabari, who denied the legality of this title. In addition, he was on four
occasions chosen by the caliph al-Kaim (422-467/1031-1074, Abbasid era) to
perform diplomatic missions in 422/1031, 428/1037, 434/1042-1043 and
435/1043-1044. Anecdotes confirm that his rank and his vast learning did not in
any way detract from his modesty and that he was an enthusiastic and eloquent
speaker. He was furthermore highly regarded by the preceding caliph al-Kadir
(381-422/991-1031), who employed him not only in the conduct of his
negotiations with the Buyids who were then the rulers of Irak (al-Mawardi was
thus the contemporary of two caliphs known for their pro-Sunni policy), but
also for the purpose of restoring Sunnism, this accounting for the composition
of manuals propounding the doctrines of each of the four orthodox schools.
Shafii al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d.463/1072) in Tarikh Baghdad, it is known
that Mawardi’s father was manufacturer and seller of rose-water and that our fakih
was buried in Baghdad. Ibnu Katsir (d.774/1373) in al-Bidaya
wal-nihayaal-Bidaya wal-nihaya says of him that he was gentle, dignified
and polite, qualities which had been attributed to him. Al-Dhahabi (d.597/1348)
in the Mizan al-i’tidal fi nakd alridjal and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalany
(d.852/1449) in the Lisan al-Mizan give examples of the perfect
rectitude of al-Mawardi even when confronted by the powerful.
As regards the works of al-Mawardi, the classification followed is that
of Mustafa al-Sakka, in the introduction to the Adab al-dunya wa al-din.
1.
Religious works: Tafsir al-Quran, also known as al-Nukat
waI-‘uyun; Kitab al-Hawi al-Kabir fil-furu’, on the legal system of
al-Safii, Kitab al-Ikna, Kitab A’lam al-nubuwwa, Kitab Adab
al-dunya wa al-din.
2.
Works of a political and social nature: Kitab al-Ahkam al-sulthaniyah,
this is the work which made al-Mawardi known in the West, and it is considered
a classic work of public law, Kitab Kawanin al-wizara wa siyasat al-mulk, on the adab of
the vizier, Kitab Tashil al-nazar wa ta’dil al-zafar, on politics and
different forms of government.
3.
Studies of language and of adab: Kitab fil-nahw, on
grammar, Kitab al-Amthal wal-hikam, collection of 300 traditions, 300
proverbs and 300 verses, Kitab Adab al-takallum, Kitab Adab al-Kadhi,
which in fact represents two of the thirty sections of the Hawi, Kitab
Ma’rifat al-fadhail.
THOUGHTS
Obligation to choose a leader
The people
of the Imamate
preconditions considered including seven. First, He has Justice at the all requirements. Second, he has science to
lead to diligence
in times of
calamity and Conditions.
Third, he has the safety and health of the
senses of hearing, sight and tongue
to be with
them directly aware.
Fourth, the safety of members
of the shortage
prevents complete movement and speed
of advancement. Fifth, his
opinion is lead to
policy the parish
and management interests.
Sixth, he courage and help leading up to
protect the society and fight enemies. Seventh, descent is to be
of Quraysh to
the receipt of the text where and the consensus it, because
Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him
protested on penthouse
on Ansar in
them for succession
to participate when
they said our
prince and you
prince in recognition of his novel True to experience and
content with saying we are princes and
you minister, said
the Prophet Muslim: have you Quraysh
not present. Not with this text Muslim
suspicion of conflict
of which does not
say to abuse
him.
The imamate
is being held for two reasons: one
choosing the people
of the contract
and the solution.
The second era
is by last Imam.
The (number) one is
like democration system, the fact took place in Successor era. The history fact
said that less than held by them Imamate five
gather to hold or
one person held another person
who consented by four persons. It is beside two things: One is that
allegiance Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him held five met her then
followed by
other people, they are: Omar Ibn al Khattab and Abu Abeida and
acid bin Hudayr Bishr
ibn Saad Salem sire Abu Huzaifa,
God bless them and the second that Omar
may Allah be pleased with him making
Shura in six
to hold someone
with the consent
of the five, and
this is the
view of most
scholars and speakers
from the people of Basra.
Qadhi (may different
madzhab)
The person
who I think the view of al
Allah's mercy that mimics the judiciary think
the view of Abu Hanifa, because the judge has to strive opinion on spending and
he does not imitate at times of
calamity and provisions of Aatzy to his doctrine, if Hafiea he does not have determination in its provisions to hearsay
Shafei even play
diligence it, the diligence tool to take
the words of
Abu Hanifa work on it and take it.
Exploration and using the
nature
The water
extracted is divided three sections of rivers
and water wells
eyes As for
the river is
divided three sections:
·
The first conducted by God from the major
rivers, like Dajlh and Euphrates.
·
The second section conducted
by God of small rivers.
·
The third section of the river made by someone or a group for his/their
farm. This is from the them, so the river,
including a joint,
so the owner is them not just applied one of them his property.
The government also
have a obligation to manage the death soil/earth. Because, if it was not used,
state can’t get the benefit of soil maximally.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
en.wikipedia.org
Masrah Mawlid, The Encyclopaedia of
Islam. (Leiden: EJ Brill. 1989).
Al-Mawardi, al-Ahkam
al-Sulthaniyyah. (1973)
Al-Mawardi, al-Ahkam
al-Sulthaniyyah terj Abdul Hayyie al-Khattani. (Jakarta:GIP. 2000)
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